LCD Technology and Terminology
LCD technology encompasses a spectrum of display types, each employing liquid crystals and polarized light to generate images. Essential terms include Active-Matrix (AM), Passive Matrix (PM), Thin-Film Transistor (TFT), and configurations such as IPS and TN, resolution, and brightness, which are critical for comprehending variations in display quality, response times, and viewing angles.
The realm of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) is broadly categorized into two primary types: Passive Matrix LCDs (PM LCDs) and Active-Matrix LCDs (AM LCDs). Grasping the distinctions between these technologies and the role of Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) technology is vital for choosing the appropriate display type for diverse applications.
Differences between Passive Matrix LCDs (PM LCDs) and Active-Matrix LCDs (AM LCDs)
- Passive Matrix LCDs (PM LCDs): These displays depend on a grid of vertical and horizontal conductors to regulate pixel illumination, with each pixel controlled at the intersection of this grid. Advantages: Simpler construction and generally lower cost. They consume less power, making them suitable for battery-powered devices. Disadvantages: Slower response times and restricted color display capabilities, resulting in ghosting effects during rapid image movement and inferior viewing angles.
- Active-Matrix LCDs (AM LCDs): These displays use a thin-film transistor (TFT) for each pixel, enabling individual control of pixel states, thereby enhancing display quality and responsiveness. Advantages: Higher contrast ratios, enhanced brightness, quicker response times, and the capability to display full-motion video without ghosting. They offer superior color reproduction and wider viewing angles. Disadvantages: A more complex manufacturing process, potentially increasing cost. Generally, they consume more power than PM LCDs.